fig3

Figure 3. (A) Diagram of the transformation to Bi SACs and TEM images of Bi-MOF decomposed at different reaction temperatures; (B) DFT diagrams for CO₂RR on different catalysts. Reprinted with permission from Ref.^[53]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society; (C) The EXAFS spectra from Bi L₃ edge XANES spectra of Bi@C samples annealed at different temperatures, along with Bi foil and Bi₂O₃ as references; (D) Electrochemical testing of CO₂RR products HCOOH and CO as a function of annealing temperatures for Bi@C catalysts. Reprinted with permission from Ref.^[54]. Copyright 2023, Wiley-VCH. SAC: Single-atom catalysts; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; MOF: metal-organic framework; DFT: density functional theory; EXAFS: extended X-ray adsorption fine structure; XANES: X-ray absorption near edge structure.