fig1

Figure 1. Illustrative examples of low-dimensional microstructure samples. (A) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the nanocomposite Li₂O and Co₃O₄ powder, the circled area is a representative structure of amorphous Li₂O confined within the Co₃O₄ skeleton. Reproduced with the permission of Ref.^[24] Copyright 2016, Springer Nature. (B1) SEM image, (B2) TEM image, (B3) high-resolution HRTEM image, (B4) TEM image and the elemental mapping images taken from the selected area of NbC nanospheres. Reproduced with the permission of Ref.^[25] Copyright 2017, John Wiley & Sons. (C1) TEM and (C2) magnified TEM images of the boxed area in (C1) of NiS nanoparticles. Reproduced with the permission of Ref.^[28] Copyright 2016, Elsevier. (D) TEM images of CuP₂ nanowires. Reproduced with the permission of Ref.^[34] Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. (E) Schematic illustrating the synthetic method used for NW growth and schematic showing the cumulative effect of cycling on the NW architecture. The pristine Ge NW array is transformed into a porous, interconnected network of active material due to the charge/discharge process. Reproduced with the permission of Ref.^[35] Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society. (F) Aligned ceramic Li0_.33La_0.557TiO₃ nanowires for hybrid solid electrolyte. Li⁺ conduction paths in solid polymer electrolyte containing random and aligned nanowires. Express Li⁺ conduction along the ceramic/polymer interface. Reproduced with the permission of Ref.^[37] Copyright 2017, Springer Nature. (G1) Crystal structure and surface energy of LiFePO₄ crystals and the schematic illustration of shortening the lithium-ion diffusion distance along the [010]; structural and phase purity characterization of the LiFePO₄ nanosheets; (G2) representative SEM image of the as-synthesized LiFePO₄ particles; (G3) SEM image showing the latitudinally accumulated nanosheets. Inset: an individual nanosheet obtained after exfoliation. Reproduced with the permission of Ref.^[44] Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society. (H1) Schematic illustration for the synthesis of the Si@G network. (H2 and H3) TEM images of the 3D interconnected graphene network at different magnifications. Reproduced with the permission of Ref.^[50] Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society.