REFERENCES
2. Macmillan AK, Merrie AE, Marshall RJ, Parry BR. The prevalence of fecal incontinence in community-dwelling adults: a systematic review of the literature. Dis Colon Rectum 2004;47:1341-9.
3. Gagner M. History of Magnets Used in Surgery. In: Gagner M, editor. Magnetic Surgery. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2021. pp. 19-25.
4. Jansen A, Brummelkamp WH, Davies GA, KlopperPJ, Keeman JN. Clinical applications of magneticrings in colorectal anastomosis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1981;153:537-45.
5. Cope C, Clark TW, Ginsberg G, Habecker P. Stent placement of gastroenteric anastomoses formed by magnetic compression. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1999;10:1379-86.
6. Cope C, Ginsberg GG. Long-term patency of experimental magnetic compression gastroenteric anastomoses achieved with covered stents. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;53:780-4.
8. Bonavina L, Saino GI, Bona D, et al. Magnetic augmentation of the lower esophageal sphincter: results of a feasibility clinical trial. J Gastrointest Surg 2008;12:2133-40.
9. Lehur PA, McNevin S, Buntzen S, Mellgren AF, Laurberg S, Madoff RD. Magnetic anal sphincter augmentation for the treatment of fecal incontinence: a preliminary report from a feasibility study. Dis Colon Rectum 2010;53:1604-10.
10. Mantoo S, Meurette G, Podevin J, Lehur PA. The magnetic anal sphincter: a new device in the management of severe fecal incontinence. Expert Rev Med Devices 2012;9:483-90.
11. Kim M, Lehur PA. How to size the anal canal circumference when implanting a magnetic anal sphincter for fecal incontinence. Evolution and update of a new surgical technique. Dis Colon Rectum 2016;59:901-3.
12. Barussaud ML, Mantoo S, Wyart V, Meurette G, Lehur PA. The magnetic anal sphincter in faecal incontinence: is initial success sustained over time? Colorectal Dis 2013;15:1499-503.
13. Pakravan F, Helmes C. Magnetic anal sphincter augmentation in patients with severe fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2015;58:109-14.
14. Bridoux V, Gourcerol G, Leroi AM, Ducrotte P, Michot F, Tuech JJ. Response to Barussaud et al.: the magnetic anal sphincter in faecal incontinence, is initial success sustained over time? Colorectal Dis 2014;16:145-6.
15. Sugrue J, Lehur PA, Madoff RD, et al. Long-term experience of magnetic anal sphincter augmentation in patients with fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2017;60:87-95.
16. Kim M, Meurette G, Ragu R, Wyart V, Lehur PA. Functional results and quality of life following magnetic anal sphincter augmentation in severely incontinent patients. Ann Surg 2019;269:310-4.
17. Lehur PA, Wyart V, Riche VP. SaFaRI: sacral nerve stimulation versus the Fenix® magnetic sphincter augmentation for adult faecal incontinence: a randomised investigation. Int J Colorectal Dis 2016;31:1505.
18. Wong MT, Meurette G, Stangherlin P, Lehur PA. The magnetic anal sphincter versus the artificial bowel sphincter: a comparison of 2 treatments for fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2011;54:773-9.
19. Wong MT, Meurette G, Wyart V, Lehur PA. Does the magnetic anal sphincter device compare favourably with sacral nerve stimulation in the management of faecal incontinence? Colorectal Dis 2012;14:e323-9.
20. Devesa JM, Vicente R. The use of a simple anal sling in the management of anal incontinence. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2014;2:136-9.
21. Maslekar S, Smith K, Harji D, Griffiths B, Sagar PM. Injectable collagen for the treatment of fecal incontinence: long-term results. Dis Colon Rectum 2013;56:354-9.
22. Williams AE, Croft J, Napp V, et al. SaFaRI: sacral nerve stimulation versus the FENIX magnetic sphincter augmentation for adult faecal incontinence: a randomised investigation. Int J Colorectal Dis 2016;31:465-72.
23. Jayne DG, Williams AE, Corrigan N, et al. Sacral nerve stimulation versus the magnetic sphincter augmentation device for adult faecal incontinence: the SaFaRI RCT. Health Technol Assess 2021;25:1-96.
24. Mellgren A, Wexner SD, Coller JA, et al. SNS Study Group. Long-term efficacy and safety of sacral nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2011;54:1065-75.
25. Hong KD, Dasilva G, Kalaskar SN, Chong Y, Wexner SD. Long-term outcomes of artificial bowel sphincter for fecal incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Surg 2013;217:718-25.
26. Faucheron JL, Sage PY, Trilling B. Erosion rate of the magnetic sphincter augmentation device is much higher for anal incontinence than for antireflux. J Gastrointest Surg 2019;23:389-90.
27. Ganz RA, Gostout CJ, Grudem J, Swanson W, Berg T, DeMeester TR. Use of a magnetic sphincter for the treatment of GERD: a feasibility study. Gastrointest Endosc 2008;67:287-94.
28. Asti E, Siboni S, Lazzari V, Bonitta G, Sironi A, Bonavina L. Removal of the magnetic sphincter augmentation device: surgical technique and results of a single-center cohort study. Ann Surg 2017;265:941-5.
29. Harnsberger CR, Broderick RC, Fuchs HF, et al. Magnetic lower esophageal sphincter augmentation device removal. Surg Endosc 2015;29:984-6.
30. Bortolotti M. The “magnetic collar”: the ultimate solution for gastroesophageal reflux? Scand J Gastroenterol 2014;49:511-2.
31. Brusciano L, Tolone S, Del Genio G, et al. Middle-term outcomes of gatekeeper implantation for fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2020;63:514-9.
32. Lehur PA, Christoforidis D, Meurette G. Artificial sphincters to treat severe fecal incontinence: currently in a deadlock. Dis Colon Rectum 2020;63:1017-9.
33. Bortolotti M. The magnetic anal sphincter: a seductive promise still not kept. Colorectal Dis 2015;17:824.
34. Bortolotti M, Ugolini G, Grandis A, Montroni I, Mazzero G. A novel magnetic device to prevent fecal incontinence (preliminary study). Int J Colorectal Dis 2008;23:499-501.
35. Bharucha AE. Pro: anorectal testing is useful in fecal incontinence. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:2679-81.
36. Hill J, Corson RJ, Brandon H, Redford J, Faragher EB, Kiff ES. History and examination in the assessment of patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:473-7.
37. Bortolotti M, Grandis A, Mazzero G. A novel endoesophageal magnetic device to prevent gastroesophageal reflux. Surg Endosc 2009;23:885-9.
38. Dobashi A, Wu SW, Deters JL, et al. Endoscopic magnet placement into subadventitial tunnels for augmenting the lower esophageal sphincter using submucosal endoscopy: ex vivo and in vivo study in a porcine model (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2019;89:422-8.
39. Jottard K, Van den Broeck S, Komen N, Bruyninx L, De Wachter S. Treatment Of Fecal Incontinence With A Rechargeable Sacral Neuromodulation System: Efficacy, Clinical Outcome, And Ease Of Use-Six-Month Follow-Up. Neuromodulation 2021;24:1284-8.
40. der Wilt AA, Breukink SO, Sturkenboom R, Stassen LP, Baeten CG, Melenhorst J. The artificial bowel sphincter in the treatment of fecal incontinence, long-term complications. Dis Colon Rectum 2020;63:1134-41.