fig3
![Analysis of measures against mechanical complications in circumferential minimally invasive surgery for adult spinal deformity](https://image.oaes.cc/60e7b1dd-dacb-4c87-bd46-fe8e1c2d05b8/4925.fig.3.jpg)
Figure 3. Implant-related parameters. RKA: Rod kyphotic angle in the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV)-L1; PSA: pedicle screw angle (angle between the pedicle screw and cranial endplate in the UIV); LPS: length of the UIV pedicle screw; UIV: upper instrumented vertebra.