fig1

Figure 1. Robotic instruments helped identify biliary anatomy. (A) The wristed instrument enabled clockwise rotation of the fundus (white arrows) to displace the infundibulum anteriorly fused between the infundibulum and common hepatic duct (green oval); (B) use of white light illumination; and (C) near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography with indocyanine green identified the absence of bile in the putative cystic artery (white arrow).