fig11

Figure 11. A: MRI (post contrast and T2WI) of a five-year-old child with pineal lesion and hydrocephalus; B: use of navigation to help in planning the trajectory intraoperatively; C: endoscopic third ventriculostomy done; D: basilar artery seen through the flapping ventriculostomy site; E: tumour (black arrow) seen anterior to the massa intermedia (blue arrow); F: the scope was negotiated below the massa intermedia to reach the tumour for biopsy