fig1

Figure 1. Port positioning and operative setup. A: the patient is positioned and draped. Ports are introduced on the fifth intercostal space on the midaxillary line, fifth intercostal space on the midclavicular line, and third intercostal space on the midaxillary line; B: the left arm is equipped with a grasping instrument (EndoWrist, Intuitive Surgical, Inc.), while the right arm has an Endo-dissector device (Intuitive Surgical, Inc.) with electric cautery function