fig4

Figure 4. A, B: dissection of the right dorsal side of the esophagus via a right transcervical approach under pneumomediastinum. The proximal portion of the azygos vein and the right bronchial artery is observed along the right mediastinal pleura. The esophagus is dissected along the vascular sheath in front of the descending aorta, because the visceral sheath becomes unclear on the caudal side of the bifurcation of the trachea