fig1
Figure 1. Recent representative examples of advanced epidermal electrodes (2017-2023). Material examples: (A) conductive polymer and ionic liquids[18]; (B) liquid metals[19]; (C) supramolecular elastomer[20]; (D) low dimensional nanomaterials[21]; and (E) hydrogels[22]. Property examples: (F) ultrathinness and gas-permeability[50]; (G) biocompatibility and stretchability[53]; (H) self-adhesiveness[44]; (I) ultra-conformability[13]; and (J) biodegradability[62]. Application examples: (K) HMIs[55]; (L) wireless health monitoring[18]; (M) HMIs[70]; (N) adaptable wearable system[71]; and (O) muscle theranostic[21]. Figure 1A adapted with permission from ref.[18]. Copyright 2023 Elsevier; Figure 1B adapted with permission from ref.[19]. Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society; Figure 1C adapted with permission from ref.[20]. Copyright 2023 John Wiley and Sons; Figure 1D adapted with permission from ref.[21]. Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society; Figure 1E adapted with permission from ref.[22]. Copyright 2022 Springer Nature; Figure 1F adapted with permission from ref.[50]. Copyright 2017 Springer Nature; Figure 1G adapted with permission from ref.[53]. Copyright 2021 Springer Nature; Figure 1H adapted with permission from ref.[44]. Copyright 2021 National Academy of Sciences; Figure 1I adapted with permission from ref.[13]. Copyright 2020 Springer Nature; Figure 1J adapted with permission from ref.[62]. Copyright 2023 John Wiley and Sons; Figure 1K adapted with permission from ref.[55]. Copyright 2022 American Association for the Advancement of Science; Figure 1L adapted with permission from ref.[18]. Copyright 2023 Elsevier; Figure 1M adapted with permission from ref.[70]. Copyright 2020 John Wiley and Sons; Figure 1N adapted with permission from ref.[71]. Copyright 2023 American Chemical Society; Figure 1O adapted with permission from ref.[21]. Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society. EG: Ethylene glycol; HMIs: human-machine interfaces; LiTFSI: bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide lithium salt; PEDOT: poly(ethylenedioxythiophene); PSS: poly(styrenesulfonate).