fig7

Figure 7. Wireless neurostimulation using an ultrasound-driven nanogenerator and ultrasound energy harvesting device. (A) ZnO nanogenerator^[64]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2007, The American Association for the Advancement of Science; (B) BNNTs for ultrasound-driven electrical stimulation^[65]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2010, American Chemical Society; (C) BTNPs for ultrasound-driven electrical stimulation^[66]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society; (D) LF-PUEH to produce retinal neurostimulation^[71]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2019, John Wiley and Sons; (E) F-URSP arrays as visual prosthesis^[72]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2022, Springer Nature; (F) PUEH arrays for stimulation of PAG^[10]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2021, AAAS. AE: Au/Cr electrode; BNNTs: boron nitride nanotubes; BTNPs: barium titanate nanoparticles; F-URSP: flexible US-induced retinal stimulating piezo-array; ML: matching layer; LF-PUEH: lead-free piezoelectric ultrasonic energy harvester; PAG: periaqueductal gray; PAW: periaqueductal gray; PC: piezo-composite; PCB: printed circuit board.