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![Secondary analysis reveals gut microbiota differences in patients with Parkinson's disease and/or cognitive impairment](https://image.oaes.cc/c6ee8b35-4c5c-4b4a-a4b6-3c169900bfe9/mrr3035.fig.1.jpg)
Figure 1. Study design and clinical indicators. (A) Schematic diagram showing the study design; (B) Differences in clinical scores of PD obtained from various neuropsychological questionnaires. Significant differences were seen in Wilcoxon tests; the corresponding P values are reported. The boxplots show median values with upper and lower quartiles. MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HAM-A: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Scale; PDSS: Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale; UPDRS: Unified PD Rating Scale; PD: PD patients with normal cognition (MoCA ≥ 26); PD-CI: PD patients with cognitive impairment (MoCA < 26).