fig1

Figure 1. Distribution of the study participants among the clinic population of 3,056 patients in the linear regression model. Measured TPA is plotted against the standardized predicted value of plaque area based on the risk factors in the regression model: age, sex, diabetes, smoking status, serum creatinine, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C. Control patients are shown as grey dots. The red dots represent study participants with residual scores > 2, i.e., they are the 5% extreme cases with unexplained AS, with more plaque than predicted by risk factors by 2 standard deviations or more. Green dots represent protected patients; these are the 5% extremes with much less plaque than predicted, with residual scores < -2; orange dots represent patients with explained AS, whose plaque burden is predicted by the risk factors, with residual scores between -2 and 2. Reproduced by permission of Elsevier from^[1]. TPA: Total plaque area; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-C; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; AS: atherosclerosis.