fig4

Figure 4. Bile acid levels in the gallbladder and cecum of germfree and gnotobiotic Apc^1368N/+ mice. (A) Concentrations of dominant bile acid species (mean concentration per group > 0.5 µmol/mL) in the gallbladder (top) and corresponding values in the cecum (bottom) of germfree mice; (B) Effects of colonization and diet (CA supplementation) on bile acid levels in the mouse cecum. The data for germfree mice are the same as in panel a (bottom row). βMCA and ωMCA could not be distinguished by the analysis and are shown as β/ωMCA. Statistics: (A) comparison of diet groups in germfree mice: Wilcoxon rank-sum test with Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment for multiple comparisons; (B) comparison of microbiota groups for each diet: Kruskal-Wallis with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons followed by Dunn’s test for pairwise comparisons (*P.adj < 0.05; **P.adj < 0.01; ***P.adj < 0.001). CA: Cholic acid-supplemented diet (recipient mice).