fig1

Figure 1. Timeline of significant research milestones in Akk. Akk was first isolated, identified, and named in 2004. In the first five years, there were few reports on it. After 2010, it gradually received more attention, and research on the relationship between Akk and human health and diseases increased significantly. Since 2017, more and more research has focused on the mechanism of interaction between Akk and the host to enhance disease management, with particular attention to the proteins and extracellular vesicles of Akk. Created with BioRender.com. Akk: Akkermansia muciniphila.