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Figure 5. Gut microbiota composition of in vitro fermentations (A) and (B) to produce fermentation supernatants and their effect on colonic biopsies during the Ussing chamber experiment (C) and (D). (A) Common genera (mean relative abundance of at least 1% and mean prevalence of 50% in all samples) detected in the control (Control; only inoculum) and dried chicory root cube (Cubes) in vitro fermentation at baseline (T = 0), 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h; (B) Principal response curve assessing the combined response of all genera over time [relative abundance (%)] and thereby revealing genera differentiating between dried chicory root cube and control fermentation. Genera driving the difference are depicted on the right scale with taxa equally present in both dried chicory root cubes and control having small weights and taxa deviating most having larger weights; (C) Change in transepithelial resistance after 90 min as a percentage of baseline (%TER) in control or stimulated colonic biopsies using either the stressor SDC, the fermentation supernatant, or their combination (fermentation supernatant + stressor); (D) Change in FITC-dextran concentration between 0 and 90 min expressed as factor of the baseline concentration (fold-Δ). Information on all time points of all four donors can be found in
