fig4

Figure 4. Cytokine release by human colon tissue explants (donor 3) in the IEBC exposed to i-screen supernatant (untreated control, inulin-treated, and untreated control with added SCFA) for 24 h (n = 5-6). (A) Secretion of IL-1β , IL-6 , IL-8 , and TNF-α into the apical compartment; (B) Secretion of IL-1β , IL-6 , IL-8 , and TNF-α into the basolateral compartment. Black error bars with points represent estimated marginal means with standard errors, obtained from linear mixed-effects models. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. IEBC: Intestinal explant barrier chip; SCFA: short-chain fatty acid.