fig4

Figure 4. Carbohydrate analysis of B. bifidum JCM 1254-B. longum M12 interaction. TLC plates display standards, negative controls, and carbohydrate intake at 0, 24, and 48 h of the assay. (A) B. bifidum JCM 1254 monoculture; (B) B. bifidum JCM 1254 co-culture; (C) B. longum M12 monoculture; and (D) B. longum M12 co-culture. B. bifidum JCM 1254 was cultured in the bottom well, and B. longum M12 was cultured in the Transwell upper insert. LNnT: Lacto-N-neotetraose; LNT: lacto-N-tetraose; TLC: thin-layer chromatography; 2’-FL: 2’-fucosyllactose; 3’-SL: 3’-sialyllactose.