fig14

Figure 14. (A) Engineering stress-strain curves of the C0, C1 and C3 alloys obtained by LUR tests; (B) the corresponding true stress-strain curves; (C) an enlarged view of typical hysteresis loops in the shadow area in (B); (D) HDI stress as a function of true stress. LUR: Loading-unloading-reloading; HDI: hetero-deformation-induced.