fig4
Figure 4. Various crystallization methods with organic solvent-based precursor. (A) Schematic crystal growth mechanism, (B) In situ growth process, and (C) An image of the (BA)2(MA)Pb2I7 single crystals by swimming top-down growth. Reprinted with permission from ref.[36]: Copyright 2024, Wiley-VCH GmbH. (D) Schematic illustration of the space-confined method and the ion transportation on wetting and nonwetting surfaces for the growth of (BA)2(MA)2Pb3I10 single crystals. Reprinted with permission from ref.[37]: Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. (E) Illustration of the free energy change ΔGtotal with particle radius (left), and free energy change between volume and surface nucleation in precursor solution (right). (F) The schematic diagram of the floating growth mechanism of (BA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 (n = 1-5) single crystals from droplets on hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates. Reprinted with permission from ref.[39]: Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society.
