fig15

Figure 15. (A) Two possible reaction pathways for HMF oxidation; (B-E) The electrochemical activity of Ir-Co₃O₄ and Co₃O₄; (B) CV curves of Ir- Co₃O₄ and Co₃O₄ in 1 m KOH at a scan rate of 5 mV s^-1; (C) LSV curves of Ir- Co₃O₄, Co₃O₄, and IrO₂ in 1 m KOH with 50 × 10^-3 m HMF at a scan rate of 5 mV s^-1; (D) OCP curves of Ir- Co₃O₄ and Co₃O₄ were subsequently measured in 1 m KOH and 50 × 10^-3 m HMF; (E) Onset potential of Ir- Co₃O₄ and Co₃O₄ for HMFOR and hydroxypentanal electro-oxidation, respectively; (F-I) Adsorption evaluation for Ir- Co₃O₄ and Co₃O₄; (F-H) TPD spectra of Ir- Co₃O₄ and Co₃O₄ at HMF/He (F), ethylene (G), and CO (H) atmospheres; (I) The adsorption model of HMF molecules on Ir- Co₃O₄^[121]. Copyright 2021 Wiley-VCH. HMF: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; CV: cyclic voltammetry; HMFOR: 5- hydroxymethyl furfural oxidation reaction; TPD: temperature programmed desorption; OCP: open circuit potentia; KOH: potassium hydroxide.