fig2

Figure 2. (A) Formation mechanism of Li₂CO₃. (B) Growth mechanisms for Li₂CO₃/C products. (Reproduced with permission^[3]. Copyright 2023, Wiley-VCH). (C) Formation mechanism of Li₂O. (D and E) Galvanostatic discharge curves and corresponding product of the Li-CO₂ battery under different capacities. (Reproduced with permission^[21]. Copyright 2017, Elsevier). (F) Formation mechanism of Li₂C₂O₄. (G) Solid RM(II)-BTC-catalyzed reaction mechanism towards Li₂C₂O₄ pathway. (H) The CV curves of solid RM(II)-BTC and CNTs cathode in CO₂ and Ar atmosphere. (I) Ex-situ FTIR spectra of solid RM(II)-BTC cathode. (Reproduced with permission^[24]. Copyright 2024, Springer Nature). (J) Formation mechanism of HCOOH. (K) Comparison between aqueous and aprotic Li-CO₂ batteries. (Reproduced with permission^[27]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH).