fig2

Figure 2. Fabrication methods of stimuli-responsive polymeric films. (A) Solvent casting to prepare photosensitive polymer films. Copyright 2023, MDPI^[40]; (B) Preparation of porous films by salt leaching method. Copyright 2023, Elsevier^[58]; (C) Main process for preparing thin films using the spin coating method. Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry^[12]; (D) Electrospinning method to prepare superhydrophobic films. Copyright 2024, American Chemical Society^[76]; (E) 3D printing technology to fabricate films with controlled thicknesses and structures. Copyright 2023, Elsevier^[81].