fig3

Figure 3. (A) XRD patterns of PLZS at 25 C and 350 C. At 350 C, the lattice parameters are a = b = c = 4.1164 Å, and the unit volume is V = 69.75 ų. At 25 C, the lattice parameters are a = b = 4.113 Å, c = 4.085 Å, and the unit volume is V = 68.82 ų. So, the volume shrinkage during cooling is ∆V = (V_{25 °C} – V_{350 °C}) / V_{350 °C} = -1.33%; (B-E) nucleation of dislocation array at the grain boundaries in PLZS. The white dashed lines indicate the grain boundary. The blue and yellow arrows represent the directions of dislocation lines and array layout, respectively. PLZS: (Pb_0.97La_0.02)(Zr_0.50Sn_0.50)O₃.