fig7

Figure 7. (A) Initial domain configuration of magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) and their time evolution of magnetization and strain in three cases with varying twin boundary mobilities under a constant magnetic field^[106]. (B) Schematic representation of the magneto-mechanical setup, along with the initial domain structure and martensitic microstructure of Ni₂MnGa^[108]. (C) Microstructural evolution of magnetically and mechanically induced remanent magnetization rotation in Ni-Mn-Ga alloys^[109]. (D) Evolution of the microstructure in the polycrystalline nanowire of shape memory alloys during loading and unloading processes^[111].