fig12

Reduced dimensional ferroelectric domains and their characterization techniques

Figure 12. Unit cell-width ferroelectricity in various materials. (A) HAADF-STEM image and atomic structure of layered CsBiNb2O7. Displacements of Bi ions are indicated by arrows. Reproduced with permission[20]. Copyright 2021, American Physical Society. (B) PFM and HAADF-STEM images accompanied by the atomic structure. When domain walls form, BiO6 octahedra emerge. Reproduced with permission[160]. Copyright 2022, The Authors, published by Springer Nature.

Microstructures
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