fig12
![Reduced dimensional ferroelectric domains and their characterization techniques](https://image.oaes.cc/3d89e922-f702-431e-8c5c-17c2e1dcce51/microstructures3067.fig.12.jpg)
Figure 12. Unit cell-width ferroelectricity in various materials. (A) HAADF-STEM image and atomic structure of layered CsBiNb2O7. Displacements of Bi ions are indicated by arrows. Reproduced with permission[20]. Copyright 2021, American Physical Society. (B) PFM and HAADF-STEM images accompanied by the atomic structure. When domain walls form, BiO6 octahedra emerge. Reproduced with permission[160]. Copyright 2022, The Authors, published by Springer Nature.