fig1

Reduced dimensional ferroelectric domains and their characterization techniques

Figure 1. Ferroelectric characteristic and its domain structure. (A) A schematic of a typical ferroelectric P-E hysteresis loop. Based on the polarization direction, two distinct binary digits can be differentiated. (B) Dark-field TEM image showing ferroelectric domains with 180° domain walls in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin film. (C) HAADF-STEM image overlaid with its polarization angle map and corresponding Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 structure. Color wheel means the orientation of the polarization at each unit cell. Reproduced with permission[3]. Copyright 2012, WILEY-VCH Verlag Gmbh & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Microstructures
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