fig7

Figure 7. The immune microenvironment regulated by pore structures and surface microstructures. (A) Optical images of gear-inspired 3D bioceramic scaffolds with ordered surface microstructures. (B) SEM images of scaffolds with different microstructure parameters. (C) SEM images of gear-inspired scaffolds with different microstructure shapes. (D) Laser scanning confocal microscopic images of RAW264.7 cells on the surface of different gear-inspired scaffolds. (E) The inflammation-related gene expression of RAW264.7 cells after cultured. (F) Masson trichrome staining of mouse skin and subcutaneously implanted scaffolds. (G) Micro-CT reconstruction model of newly formed bone (green) and implanted scaffold (red). Reproduced with permission^[130]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier Ltd. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.