fig2

Figure 2. The fabrication of bioceramic scaffolds with spicule-like concentric layered bionic microstructures by extrusion 3D printing. (A) The schematic process of preparing spicules-inspired flexible bioceramic-based scaffolds by 3D printing. (B) Radial and axial morphology of the scaffolds printed by different printing nozzle lengths. (C) The scaffolds showing desirable manipulation and applicability. (D) Flexural strength of three groups. (E) VG staining of different groups. Reproduced with permission^[31]. Copyright 2022, IOP Publishing Ltd.