fig7

Figure 7. Polar skyrmions and chirality in ferroelectrics. (A) calculated stabilization of Bloch-type skyrmions in PbTiO₃. Reprinted from Gonçalves et al. Reprinted with permission of AAAS publications^[64]. (B) SHG imaging revealing Neel-type domain walls in PbZr_0.2Ti_0.8O₃ thin films. Reprinted with permission from De Luca et al. Copyright 2017 by Wiley-VCH^[53]. (C-E) SHG images of PbTiO₃/SrTiO₃ heterostructures. SHG images acquired for circular left (C) and right (D) incident light, respectively. (E) Resulting difference showing areas of opposite dichroism. This latter can be related, to some extent, to two possible ferroelectric winding in the heterostructure (F and G), reprinted from Behera et al. with permission of AAAS publications^[66].