fig3
![Recent developments in metal nanocluster-based catalysts for improving photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction performance](https://image.oaes.cc/86105239-d47b-4300-baa4-171b21ec1510/5728.fig.3.jpg)
Figure 3. Common methods for the synthesis of MNCs: (a→b) formation of M(I)-SR complexes, metal atom (M(I)), thiolate ligand (SR), (b→c) reduction growth, (c→d) seeded growth, (c→f) alloying reaction, (c→g) ligand-exchange process, (c→h) self-assembly of metal NCs, and (d→e) evolution from metal NCs to metal nanocrystals[41]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society.