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![Physiological and pathological/ectopic mineralization: from composition to microstructure](https://image.oaes.cc/978ec154-eecb-4531-bffe-9849195b1ed4/202305.fig.4.jpg)
Figure 4. Pathological mineralization in soft tissues (blood vessels, brain, ocular, prostate, joint & tendon, placental, pancreas, kidney, and breast). The major forms of pathological/ectopic mineralization are calcium phosphates, calcium carbonate, and calcium oxalates.