fig9

Figure 9. The Li⁺ desolvation is depicted schematically by channeled/porous layers on anode for fast Li⁺ transport and uniform deposition mechanism. (A) Li⁺ desolvation in liquid electrolyte and MOF-based SSI developed on LMA with immobilized anions interacting with Lewis acidic sites of pores and ionic channels for rapid Li⁺ transport. Li⁺ flow (arrows) and concentration (grayscale) along the LMA surface, as well as Li deposition morphology with and without MOF-based SSI, are shown. Reproduced with permission^[54]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier; (B) The behavior of Li plating/stripping on naked Cu foil and MOF-interlayer@Cu foil. MOF is responsible for desolvation, the rapid Li⁺ transfer and uniform flow, resulting in a smooth Li deposition. Reproduced with permission^[56]. Copyright 2022, WILEY-VCH; (C) A pure lithium-metal anode has poor desolvation and a lithium anode with an AMMT layer has a low desolvation barrier resulting in simplified desolvation. Reproduced with permission^[48]. Copyright 2023, WILEY-VCH. MOF: Metal-organic framework; SSI: semi-solid interphase; LMA: lithium metal anode; AMMT: Ag-montmorillonite.