fig9

Figure 9. AQ-based derivatives and the performance for AORFBs^[55-57]. (A) Synthesis of 1-DPAQCl; (B) Synthesis of QAAQ. (C) Synthesis of 1,m-BDPAQCl₂ (m = 4, 5, 8). Reproduced with permission^[55]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier; (D) Depicts CV of 1 mM 1-DPAQCl in 1 M KCl (black) and buffered solution (red) as well as 1 mM 2-DPAQCl in 0.1 M NaCl (pink line) and buffered solution (blue). Scan rate: 50 mV s^-1; (E) Nine-Membered square scheme for 1-DPAQCl with electrons and protons transferred. Products marked by blue color will not exist in near neutral or alkaline unbuffered aqueous solution; (F) Charge/discharge profiles of the FcNCl/1-DPAQCl battery at 1st, 50th and 100th cycle. Reproduced with permission^[56]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier; (G) Proposed strategy to enhance the stability of AQ-based molecules by combining the steric hindrance with electron delocalization regulation; (H) CV profile of 0.2 M NaCl solution containing 2 mM QAAQ and 4 mM FcNCl. Scan rate: 20 mV s^-1. (I) Electrochemical stability of QAAQ/FcNCl battery; (J) CV curves of 1,m-BDPAQCl₂ anolyte (1 mM) and the catholyte (90 mM FeCl₂ and 180 mM glycine) in 0.5 M KCl. Scan rate: 20 mV s^-1; (K) Stability for 1,8-BDPAQCl₂/Fe(gly)₂Cl₂ AORFB. Current density: 40 mA cm^-2. The inset was the voltage-capacity curves of the 1st, 100th and 200th cycles. Reproduced with permission^[57]. Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH.