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Figure 1. This schematic illustrates three major genetic mutations commonly observed in bone-metastatic cancers - TP53, BRCA, and RB1 - and their functional consequences. TP53 mutations lead to a loss of tumor-suppressor activity, promoting unchecked cell proliferation. BRCA mutations compromise DNA repair pathways, driving genomic instability. RB1 mutations disrupt cell cycle regulation, resulting in unregulated tumor growth. Together, these genetic alterations foster an environment conducive to the development and progression of bone metastases. Created in BioRender. Mohammad, K. (2025) https://BioRender.com/w2dhbh8.