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Figure 4. Melatonin inhibited neuroinflammation in P301S mouse brains. (A and B) Immunohistochemical staining results of GFAP and IBA1 in the hippocampal CA1 region of P301S mice. Scale bar = 50 μm; (C-H) Western blotting analysis showing the protein expression levels of GFAP, IBA1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα in the melatonin-treated P301S mice. β-actin served as the internal control. Values are represented as the means ± SEM (n = 8). ^*P < 0.05. GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein; IBA1: ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; SEM: standard error of the mean.