fig1

Figure 1. Multiscale properties and deformation modes of kirigami metamaterials. Nanoscale^[11]: Graphene kirigami enables the fabrication of resilient, tunable microscale structures with customizable mechanical properties, exploiting the unique bending stiffness of the material; Sub-microscale^[12]: A kirigami-inspired approach enhances the elasticity and multifunctionality of nanocomposites, enabling predictable tensile behavior, high strain tolerance, and stable electrical conductance, with applications in stretchable electronics and plasma-based devices; Micron-scale^[13]: Microscopic kirigami-based metasheet robots enable electronically configurable shape morphing, achieving dynamic locomotion and programmable deformation, with potential applications in reconfigurable micromachines and biomedical devices; Millimeter-scale^[14]: Kirigami-patterned soft grippers enable precise, rapid, and scalable object manipulation, offering modular and remotely actuated solutions for robotics, haptics, and biomedical applications; Centimeter-scale^[15]: Kirigami-based metamaterials enable rapid, reversible shape morphing with load-bearing capacity and self-healing properties, facilitating multifunctional soft robots that autonomously reconfigure for diverse tasks; Decimeter-scale^[16]: Bioinspired kirigami metasurfaces on footwear outsoles enhance friction and grip, reducing the risk of slips and falls, particularly on slippery surfaces such as ice; and Meter-scale^[17]: Soft deployable reflectors based on kirigami/origami structures enable large-scale, compact beam steering mechanisms, suitable for applications in sensing, imaging, and solar tracking.