fig6
Figure 6. λ values of FT, FS, and DFS1 PVA hydrogels with different PVA mass fractions (A) and DFS PVA hydrogels with different PVA mass fractions and stretching ratios (B); infrared thermal images of FT, FS, DFS1, and DFS4 PVA hydrogels (C) and the corresponding surface temperatures (D) at different heating times. FT: Frozen-thawed; FS: frozen-salted out; PVA: polyvinyl alcohol.
