fig3

Figure 3. Full FT-IR spectra (A) and zoomed-in FT-IR spectra at 3,700-3,000 cm^-1 (B), 1,800-1,500 cm^-1 (C), and 1,200-1,000 cm^-1 (D); XRD (E) and DSC (F) curves for FT PVA, FS PVA, and DFS PVA hydrogels. FT-IR: Fourier transform infrared; XRD: X-ray diffraction; DSC: differential scanning calorimetry; FT: frozen-thawed; PVA: polyvinyl alcohol; FS: frozen-salted out; DFS: directional freezing and salting-out.