fig14

Figure 14. Applications of Typical Implantable Biosensors. (A) Structure of an implantable glucose/blood glucose sensor. Reproduced with permission^[12]. Copyright 2018, Lab on a Chip; (B) Detection of tumor growth utilizing H₂O₂ as a biomarker; (C) Sensitive response of an H₂O₂ sensor to ultra-low concentrations of H₂O₂. Reproduced with permission^[11]. Copyright 2019, Springer Nature; (D) Principle of identification and quantification of DA (pink) and H₂O₂ (green) on the micro-cylindrical biosensor surface; (E) Electrochemical modification of carbon fibers to immobilize oxidase on their surface; (F) Resultant graph of glucose and DA detected in a benchtop flow cell. Reproduced with permission^[227]. Copyright 2024, American Chemical Society; (G) Schematic depiction of esophageal and rectoanal pressure measurements using a porcine model. Reproduced with permission^[228]. Copyright 2022, Springer Nature; (H) Application of cardiac beat sensors in the detection of cardiovascular health; (I) Cardiac beat sensor for monitoring epicardial electrograms. Reproduced with permission^[229]. Copyright 2024, John Wiley and Sons. DA: dopamine.