fig3

Figure 3. Integrated design principle and performance characterization of the wireless monitoring electronics. (A) Structural characteristics of the bladder; (B) Bioelectrical impedance equivalent model of individual cells of the bladder tissue; (C) The hardware block diagram of the microcontroller system; (D) Schematic diagram of the main control board of electronics; (E) The amperage response of varying concentrations of NaCl solution (0.05-0.25 M) was applied to the electrode patch; (F) Linearity and regression model between response current height and solution concentration; (G) The immunity and selectivity of the system to different interfering molecules; (H) The system demonstrates immunity to interfering molecules at varying frequencies; (I) The impedance variation and stability of the bladder sensor over a period of ten days.