fig6

Figure 6. Anti-swelling hydrogels. (A-C) Shell-structured double-network hydrogel with enhanced anti-swelling and mechanical stability via one-step soaking^[89]; (D and E) Anisotropic conductive hydrogel with high mechanical strength and anti-swelling properties achieved through pre-stretching and drying-rehydration^[90]; (F-H) Deep eutectic solvent (DES)-enhanced conductive hydrogel exhibits excellent anti-swelling properties and remains stable across various solvents and pH conditions^[91]. DES: Deep eutectic solvent.