fig3

Figure 3. Conductive mechanisms in different types of hydrogels. (A-C) Ionic conductive hydrogel^[80]; (D and E) Ion-conductive hydrogel electrode impedance performance under varying KCl concentrations^[81]; (F-H) PEDOT:PSS hydrogels: Structural and electrical property optimization^[82]; (I-K) Self-sintering mechanism and electrical stability of LM-doped hydrogels^[83]. PEDOT:PSS: Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate); LM: liquid metal.