fig11

Figure 11. Recent advances in ECD pixels integrated with various sensors based on point-to-point mode. (A) ECD pixels integrate with the temperature and strain sensors detecting the skin’s temperature and bending of wrist bending. Reproduced with permission^[28]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier; (B) ECD pixels integrate with various chemical (Na⁺ and Vitamin C) sensors visualizing corresponding chemical concentrations. Reproduced with permission^[65]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier; (C) Schematic diagram of a device integrating PANI-based ECD pixels with PVDF-based piezo electrical pressure sensor. Reproduced with permission^[120]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier; (D) ECD pixels triggered by the stretching state because of the resistance change. Reproduced with permission^[51]. Copyright 2021, Springer Nature; (E) Multicolor ECD pixels indicate a battery meter with corresponding color states. Reproduced with permission^[27]. Copyright 2021, ACS Publications. ECD: Electrochromic display; PANI: polyaniline; PVDF: polyvinylidene fluoride.