fig1

Figure 1. Strategies for fabricating flexible and stretchable electrodes. (A) Flexible Ag grid-PET electrodes with high conductivity (1-5 Ω/sq) and transmittance (83% @400-800 nm). Reproduced with permission^[30]. Copyright 2014, RSC Publications; (B) In-coated Zn/Au grid-PET electrode as the anode in the PANI-based ECD. Reproduced with permission^[28]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier; (C) The degradable and recyclable gelatin film as substrate in ECD. Reproduced with permission^[35]. Copyright 2022, ACS Publications; (D) The biocompatible agarose/PEG hydrogel substrate in PEDOT-based ECD. Reproduced with permission^[37]. Copyright 2016, ACS Publications; Nanocellulose-based electrodes of (E) foldable SWCNT@Ag nanopaper electrode and (F) PEDOT:PSS/DMSO-PET fabric electrode. Reproduced with permission^[38,44]. Copyright 2016, Wiley-VCH. Copyright 2023, Elsevier; (G) Stretchable phosphorescent PDMS-based substrate applied in the light-adaptable ECD. Reproduced with permission^[53]. Copyright 2023, Wiley-VCH; (H) The resistance change of a designed WO₃/AgNN/PEDOT:PSS film on ecoflex with the strain change. Reproduced with permission^[55]. Copyright 2018, RSC Publications; (I) A ISHCP-SEBS electrode with stable conductivity upon stretching. Reproduced with permission^[50]. Copyright 2020, Springer Nature. PET: Polyethylene terephthalate; PANI: polyaniline; ECD: electrochromic display; PEG: poly(ethylene glycol); PEDOT: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene); SWCNT: single wall carbon nanotube; PEDOT:PSS: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; PDMS: polydimethylsiloxane; AgNN: silver nanotrough network; ISHCP: stretchable and highly conductive polymer; SEBS: styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene.