fig8

Figure 8. TEC-based BTMS combined with PCM cooling: (A) Diagram illustrating the battery pack with TEC and PCMs. Reprinted with permission^[38]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier; (B) Geometric dimensions of the full-temperature BTMS. Reprinted with permission^[51]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier; (C) Configuration of TEC and schematic of the battery module containing 3 × 5 batteries integrated with TEC, accompanied by the corresponding thermal resistance network. Reprinted with permission^[78]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier; (D) Geometric model of BTMS. Reprinted with permission^[39]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. TEC: Thermoelectric cooler; BTMS: battery thermal management system; PCM: phase change material.