fig10

Figure 10. TEC-based hybrid BTMS: (A) Schematic depiction of the single unit of the TEC system utilized for BTMS. The TEC module design integrates a heat sink, forced air cooling, and liquid cooling. Reprinted with permission^[57]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier; (B) Schematic representation of the BTMS integrated with TEC, PCM, and a fin framework. Reprinted with permission^[89]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier; (C) Overview schematic of the experimental setup, demonstrating the integration of a battery pack with a BTMS incorporating TEC in combination with liquid and air circulations. Reprinted with permission^[90]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier. TEC: Thermoelectric cooler; BTMS: battery thermal management system; PCM: phase change material.