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Figure 10. Medical actuators for therapeutic applications. (A) Graphical figuration of trichogenic photostimulation with monolithic red f-VLEDs and mouse dorsal skin comparison about hair-regrowth effect (left). Comparison of the hair-grown skin area, the hair-growing speed, and the grown hair length after various skin stimulations (center). *P < 0.05, paired t test, #P < 0.05, two way ANOVA; **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, paired t test (center), *P < 0.05, paired t test (right); (B) Immunofluorescence analysis of the stimulated mouse dorsal skin. Reproduced with permission from ref^[116]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society; (C) Schematic illustration of an SID and a wearable EEG monitoring device with a wearable power transfer unit. The inset shows drug releasing mechanism of the SID with an activation signal from wireless power transfer; (D) Model drug releasing image of the SID which is attached onto porcine skin. Reproduced with permission from ref^[117]. Copyright 2021, AAAS; (E) Schematic image of an AgNW-MAA ink-based ePatch for realizing wound healing through pulsed EF; (F) Biological activities of the healing process with the ePatch attachment; (G) Stained live cell distribution with the ePatch (left) and cell grown with EF groups after applying EF for 24 h (right). Cells are aligned in lines indicated by the yellow arrows. Reproduced with permission from ref^[118]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier; (H) Schematic image of photostimulation for melanogenesis inhibition via the SµLED patch; (I) Diagram of photodamaged skin thickness, each treated with control, SµLED, and CLED. **P = 0.01, and ****P = 0.0001; (J) H&E-stained images of mouse skin after photostimulations in 20 days. Reproduced with permission from ref^[119]. Copyright 2022, John Wiley and Sons. f-VLEDs: Flexible red vertical micro-scale light-emitting diodes; SID: soft implantable drug delivery device; EEG: electroencephalography; AgNW-MAA: silver nanowire-methacrylated alginate; EF: electric field; SµLED: surface-lighting micro-light-emitting diode; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin.