fig2

Figure 2. Use of PAMs in implantable soft robots. (A) Soft pneumatic cardiac sleeve to aid with cardiac compression for heart failure^[134]; (B) Soft ventricular assist device composed of McKibbens actuators to aid in left ventricle contraction^[135]; (C) PAM diaphragm to help the contraction of the diaphragm for respiratory issues^[136]. [Images (A-C) are licensed under CC BY 4.0. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.] PAMs: Pneumatic artificial muscles.