fig4
![Coupled mechanics in skin-interfaced electronics via computer vision methods](https://image.oaes.cc/2a8f288e-8f1b-4657-8a67-f35b5142bdd1/ss3050.fig.4.jpg)
Figure 4. Examples of Coupled Mechanics in Haptic Systems. (A1-3) Haptic Interfaces across Large Areas of the skin optimized by the investigation of deformation and wave propagation of the actuator using the combination of 3D-DIC and PTV[8]. Copyright©2022, Nature Publishing Group; (B1-3) Strain analyses of representative types of vibrotactile actuators on the phantom skin using 3D-DIC and Triangular Cosserat Point Element method[28]. Copyright©2023, Elsevier. 3D: Three-dimensional; DIC: digital image correlation; PTV: particle tracking velocimetry.