fig5

Figure 5. Surface microstructure electrodes. (A) Image of the caw-like dry electrode^[57]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2018, Springer Nature. (B) Schematic diagram and a sample picture of the spring-like dry electrode^[58]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. (C) SEM image of the micronanopillar electrode and its physical photo^[59]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society. (D) SEM image of the grasshopper-inspired bionic dry electrode with a scale of 200 µm (200 × ) and 20 µm (2000 × )^[62]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH. (E) Schematic diagram of the water-drainable dry electrode inspired by frog and octopus^[63]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH. (F) SEM image of the microstructure electrode inspired by the forelegs of male diving beetles and its physical photo^[64]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH. (G) SEM images from different angles of the Janus Au NWs/NC electrode inspired by the conical beak of shorebirds (the nitrocellulose side, the cross-section, and the Au NWs side from left to right, scale bars: 100 µm) and its physical picture^[65]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH.